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"Simple gravity pendulum" model assumes no friction or air resistance. A pendulum is a device made of a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely. [1] When a pendulum is displaced sideways from its resting, equilibrium position, it is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will accelerate it back toward the equilibrium position.
To make this more concrete, consider an idealized pendulum of length 0.5 meters, with an initial displacement angle of 30 degrees; from Eq(1) the period will then be 1.443 seconds. Suppose the biases are −5 mm, −5 degrees, and +0.02 seconds, for L, θ, and T respectively. Then, considering first only the length bias ΔL by itself,
An important concept is the equivalent length, , the length of a simple pendulums that has the same angular frequency as the compound pendulum: =:= = Consider the following cases: The simple pendulum is the special case where all the mass is located at the bob swinging at a distance ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } from the pivot.
The period of a mass attached to a pendulum of length l with gravitational acceleration is given by = This shows that the period of oscillation is independent of the amplitude and mass of the pendulum but not of the acceleration due to gravity, g {\displaystyle g} , therefore a pendulum of the same length on the Moon would swing more slowly due ...
Monumental conical pendulum clock by Farcot, 1878. A conical pendulum consists of a weight (or bob) fixed on the end of a string or rod suspended from a pivot.Its construction is similar to an ordinary pendulum; however, instead of swinging back and forth along a circular arc, the bob of a conical pendulum moves at a constant speed in a circle or ellipse with the string (or rod) tracing out a ...
If a long and heavy pendulum suspended from the high roof above a circular area is monitored over an extended period of time, its plane of oscillation appears to change spontaneously as the Earth makes its 24-hourly rotation. The pendulum was introduced in 1851 and was the first experiment to give simple, direct evidence of the Earth's rotation.
where L is the length of the pendulum and g is the local acceleration of gravity. All pendulum clocks have a means of adjusting the rate. This is usually an adjustment nut (c) under the pendulum bob which moves the bob up or down on its rod. Moving the bob up reduces the length of the pendulum, reducing the pendulum's period so the clock gains ...
In 1673 Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens in his mathematical analysis of pendulums, Horologium Oscillatorium, showed that a real pendulum had the same period as a simple pendulum with a length equal to the distance between the pivot point and a point called the center of oscillation, which is located under the pendulum's center of gravity and ...