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Hitchhiker's thumb, also known as distal hyperextensibility of the thumb, is the condition of having a thumb that has a distal phalange that bends backwards in an angle of 90°. This condition is benign (when isolated) and does not cause pain or affect the thumb with the trait negatively.
Brachydactyly type D, also known as short thumb, [3] [1] stub thumb, [5] [6] or clubbed thumb, [5] [6] is a genetic trait recognised by a thumb being relatively short and round with an accompanying wider nail bed. The distal phalanx of such thumbs is approximately two-thirds the length of full-length thumbs.
Anterior interosseous syndrome is a medical condition in which damage to the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN), a distal motor and sensory branch of the median nerve, classically with severe weakness of the pincer movement of the thumb and index finger, and can cause transient pain in the wrist (the terminal, sensory branch of the AIN innervates the bones of the carpal tunnel).
Hypermobility causes physical trauma (in the form of joint dislocations, joint subluxations, joint instability, sprains, etc.). These conditions often, in turn, cause physical and/or emotional trauma and are possible triggers for conditions such as fibromyalgia. [15] People with hypermobility may experience particular difficulties when pregnant.
The main symptom is pain, particularly with gripping and pinching. [7] [8] This pain is often described as weakness, but true weakness is not a part of this disease. People may also note a change in shape of the thumb. [7] [8] Some people choose surgery, but most people find they can accommodate trapeziometacarpal arthritis. [9] [10] [11]
[2] [4] A slow onset and a lack of pain or sensorial symptoms are arguments against a lesion of the spinal root or plexus brachialis. [4] To an extent, these features can also be seen in normal aging (although technically, the apparent muscle wasting is sarcopenia rather than atrophy). [5]
Furthermore, they classically present with scoliosis (progressive curvature of the spine) and unusually positioned thumbs (hitchhiker's thumbs). Around half of infants with diastrophic dysplasia are born with an opening in the roof of the mouth called a cleft palate .
Heart-hand syndromes are a group of rare diseases that manifest with both heart and limb deformities. [1] [2] [3] [4]As of July 2013, known heart-hand syndromes include Holt–Oram syndrome, Berk–Tabatznik syndrome, brachydactyly-long thumb syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus-bicuspid aortic valve syndrome, heart hand syndrome, Slovenian type and Heart-hand syndrome, Spanish type.