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The first parliaments date back to Europe in the Middle Ages. The earliest example of a parliament is disputed, especially depending how the term is defined. For example, the Icelandic Althing consisting of prominent individuals among the free landowners of the various districts of the Icelandic Commonwealth first gathered around the year 930 (it conducted its business orally, with no written ...
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Parliamentary system Government system A parliamentary democracy is a form of government where the head of government (chief executive) derives their democratic legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of a majority of the legislature , to which they are held accountable.
For example, they may mirror the Parliament of Canada or the United States Congress. This focus on replicating real bodies promotes understanding of how different governments function. However, model parliaments also serve other purposes beyond pure imitation. Some aim to advocate social or political causes.
The current French Fifth Republic provides an example of the fusion of powers from a country that does not follow the Westminster system. Rather France follows a model known alternatively as a semi-presidential system or 'mixed presidential-parliamentary' system, which exists somewhere between parliamentary democracies and presidential democracies.
Napoleon III offered attempts at some degree of parliamentary control of the executive, though few regarded his regime as genuinely parliamentary and democratic. A presidential system existed under the short-lived Second Republic. The modern Fifth Republic system combines aspects of presidentialism and parliamentarianism.
S. National Assembly (Saint Kitts and Nevis) Parliament of Saint Lucia; Legislative Assembly of Samoa; Grand and General Council; Scottish Parliament; National Assembly (Serbia)
Supporters of multicameralism also posit that a critical weakness of a unicameral system can be a potential lack of restraint on the majority and incompatibility with the separation of powers between the legislative and executive branches of government, particularly noticeable in parliamentary systems where the leaders of the parliamentary ...