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In epidemiology, a risk factor or determinant is a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection. [ 1 ] : 38 Due to a lack of harmonization across disciplines, determinant , in its more widely accepted scientific meaning , is often used as a synonym.
Specialty: Hematology and oncology: Symptoms: Bleeding, bruising, fatigue, fever, increased risk of infections [2] Usual onset: All ages, [3] most common in 60s and 70s. [4] It is the most common malignant cancer in children, but the cure rates are also higher for them.
Epidemiology has its limits at the point where an inference is made that the relationship between an agent and a disease is causal (general causation) and where the magnitude of excess risk attributed to the agent has been determined; that is, epidemiology addresses whether an agent can cause disease, not whether an agent did cause a specific ...
The Plague of Athens (c. 1652 –1654) by Michiel Sweerts, illustrating the devastating epidemic that struck Athens in 430 BC, as described by the historian Thucydides. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines epidemic broadly: "Epidemic refers to an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in ...
The 6 pillars of lifestyle medicine.. Diet and lifestyle are major factors thought to influence susceptibility to many diseases. Substance use disorders, such as tobacco smoking, and excessive consumption of alcohol, and a lack of or too much exercise may also increase the risk of developing certain diseases, especially later in life.
Symptoms may include feeling tired, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding, and increased risk of infection. [1] Occasionally, spread may occur to the brain, skin, or gums. [1] As an acute leukemia, AML progresses rapidly, and is typically fatal within weeks or months if left untreated. [1]
Obesity increases a person's risk of developing various metabolic diseases, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer disease, depression, and certain types of cancer. [36] Depending on the degree of obesity and the presence of comorbid disorders, obesity is associated with an estimated 2–20 year shorter life expectancy.
[1] [2] Hepatitis is acute if it resolves within six months, and chronic if it lasts longer than six months. [1] [6] Acute hepatitis can resolve on its own, progress to chronic hepatitis, or (rarely) result in acute liver failure. [7] Chronic hepatitis may progress to scarring of the liver , liver failure, and liver cancer. [3] [8]