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  2. Fermat's factorization method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat's_factorization_method

    For example, to factor =, the first try for a is the square root of 5959 rounded up to the next integer, which is 78. Then b 2 = 78 2 − 5959 = 125 {\displaystyle b^{2}=78^{2}-5959=125} . Since 125 is not a square, a second try is made by increasing the value of a by 1.

  3. Difference of two squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_of_two_squares

    Another geometric proof proceeds as follows: We start with the figure shown in the first diagram below, a large square with a smaller square removed from it. The side of the entire square is a, and the side of the small removed square is b. The area of the shaded region is . A cut is made, splitting the region into two rectangular pieces, as ...

  4. Square number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_number

    Square number 16 as sum of gnomons. In mathematics, a square number or perfect square is an integer that is the square of an integer; [1] in other words, it is the product of some integer with itself. For example, 9 is a square number, since it equals 3 2 and can be written as 3 × 3.

  5. Shanks's square forms factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanks's_square_forms...

    Shanks' square forms factorization is a method for integer factorization devised by Daniel Shanks as an improvement on Fermat's factorization method. The success of Fermat's method depends on finding integers x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle y} such that x 2 − y 2 = N {\displaystyle x^{2}-y^{2}=N} , where N {\displaystyle N} is the ...

  6. Congruence of squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_of_squares

    This corresponds to a set of y values whose product is a square number, i.e. one whose factorization has only even exponents. The products of x and y values together form a congruence of squares. This is a classic system of linear equations problem, and can be efficiently solved using Gaussian elimination as soon as the number of rows exceeds ...

  7. Polygonal number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygonal_number

    Download as PDF; Printable version; ... 120 153 190 2 ln 2 [3] A000384: 7 ... The simplest example of this is the sequence of square triangular numbers.

  8. List of Mersenne primes and perfect numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mersenne_primes...

    For example, 3 is a Mersenne prime as it is a prime number and is expressible as 2 2 − 1. [1] [2] The exponents p corresponding to Mersenne primes must themselves be prime, although the vast majority of primes p do not lead to Mersenne primes—for example, 2 11 − 1 = 2047 = 23 × 89. [3]

  9. Perfect square - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_square

    Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... move to sidebar hide. A perfect square is an element of algebraic structure that is equal to the square of ...