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Theory X and Theory Y are theories of human work motivation and management. They were created by Douglas McGregor while he was working at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. [1] McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs.
Employee motivation is an intrinsic and internal drive to put forth the necessary effort and action towards work-related activities. It has been broadly defined as the "psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behavior in an organisation, a person's level of effort and a person's level of persistence". [1]
Motivation is an internal state that propels individuals to engage in goal-directed behavior.It is often understood as a force that explains why people or animals initiate, continue, or terminate a certain behavior at a particular time.
Motivation in such cultures arises from finding creative solutions to problems, continually improving, and empowering agility. Market cultures focus on value to the customer and are typically competitive and aggressive. Motivation in the market culture results from winning in the marketplace and creating external partnerships.
A 2009 issue of Journal of Managerial Psychology presents an experiment with 202 full-time employees (81 males, mean age=38.3 and 121 females, mean age= 28.4) working in very different jobs in the retail, manufacturing and healthcare to investigate the extent to which personality and demographic factors explain variance in motivation and job ...
Theory Z is a name for various theories of human motivation built on Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y.Theories X, Y and various versions of Z have been used in human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational communication and organizational development.
The theory of motivated information management (TMIM) is a social-psychological framework that examines the relationship between information management and uncertainty.TMIM has been utilized to describe the management of information regarding challenging, taboo, or sensitive matters.
All three of them drew from their experience to develop a model of effective organizational management, and each of their theories independently shared a focus on human behavior and motivation. [3] [10] [11] One of the first management consultants, Frederick Taylor, was a 19th-century engineer who applied an approach known as the scientific ...