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Advection fog occurs when moist air passes over a cool surface by advection (wind) and is cooled. [21] It is common as a warm front passes over an area with significant snow-pack. It is most common at sea when moist air encounters cooler waters, including areas of cold water upwelling , such as along the California coast .
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Fog over the Golden Gate Bridge (May 2009). Fog is a common weather phenomenon in the San Francisco Bay Area and the entire coastline of California extending south to the northwest coast of the Baja California Peninsula.
Moisture advection is the horizontal transport of water vapor by the wind. Measurement and knowledge of atmospheric water vapor, or "moisture", is crucial in the prediction of all weather elements, especially clouds, fog, temperature, humidity thermal comfort indices and precipitation. Regions of moisture advection are often co-located with ...
The advection equation is a first-order hyperbolic partial differential equation that governs the motion of a conserved scalar field as it is advected by a known velocity vector field. [1] It is derived using the scalar field's conservation law , together with Gauss's theorem , and taking the infinitesimal limit.
Tule fog is a radiation fog, which condenses when there is a high relative humidity (typically after a heavy rain), calm winds, and rapid cooling during the night. The nights are longer in the winter months, which allows an extended period of ground cooling, and thereby a pronounced temperature inversion at a low altitude.
The fog of San Francisco Bay is a specific type of fog. It is a sea fog identified as advection fog, which is characterized by the lateral transfer of temperature by wind blowing over cooler water.Coastal areas having Mediterranean climates, such as that of San Francisco, have especially frequent sea fog blowing off the ocean to just a few ...
Fog is commonly considered a surface-based cloud layer. [21] The fog may form at surface level in clear air or it may be the result of a very low stratus cloud subsiding to ground or sea level. Conversely, low stratiform clouds result when advection fog is lifted above surface level during breezy conditions.