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Ischemic colitis (also spelled ischaemic colitis) is a medical condition in which inflammation and injury of the large intestine result from inadequate blood supply . Although uncommon in the general population, ischemic colitis occurs with greater frequency in the elderly, and is the most common form of bowel ischemia .
Watershed area is the medical term referring to regions of the body, [1] that receive dual blood supply from the most distal branches of two large arteries, such as the splenic flexure of the large intestine. The term refers metaphorically to a geological watershed, or drainage divide, which separates adjacent drainage basins. For example, the ...
Although uncommon in the general population, ischemic colitis occurs with greater frequency in the elderly, and is the most common form of bowel ischemia. [43] [44] [45] Causes of the reduced blood flow can include changes in the systemic circulation (e.g. low blood pressure), or local factors such as constriction of blood vessels or a blood ...
The splenic flexure is a watershed region as it receives dual blood supply from the terminal branches of the superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery, thus making it prone to ischemic damage in cases of low blood pressure because it does not have its own primary source of blood.
Primary vascular causes of bowel infarction, also known as mesenteric ischemia, are due to blockages in the arteries or veins that supply the bowel.Types of mesenteric ischemia are generally separated into acute and chronic processes, because this helps determine treatment and prognosis.
A hemorrhagic infarct is determined when hemorrhage is present around an area of infarction. Simply stated, an infarction is an area of dead tissue or necrosis. [1] When blood escapes outside of the vessel (extravasation) and re-perfuses back into the tissue surrounding the infarction, the infarction is then termed a hemorrhagic infarct (infarction). [1]
However, ulcerative colitis usually affects the rectum and inflammation in IBD extends to areas of the colon without diverticulosis. [1] Additional causes of colitis should be evaluated, including infectious and medication-induced, particularly NSAID-associated. [1] Laboratory results are usually normal in individuals with SCAD.
English: Colonic blood supply. 1 - transverse colon, 2 - ascending colon, 3 - caecum, 4 - right colic artery, 5 - appendix, 6 - middle colic artery, 7 - Cannon-Böhm point (the border between the areas of SMA and IMA supplies) , 8 - superior mesenteric artery, 9 - marginal artery, 10 - ileocolic artery, 11 - jejunum (partial), 12 - ileum (partial).