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In biochemistry and medicinal chemistry, phosphonate groups are used as stable bioisosteres for phosphate, such as in the antiviral nucleotide analog, Tenofovir, one of the cornerstones of anti-HIV therapy. And there is an indication that phosphonate derivatives are "promising ligands for nuclear medicine." [2]
An example of trait psychology development (stages): Singling out the types of love as psychology of traits. In the Antique time, the typology of the kinds of love was very popular. These kinds of love comprised: Eros – a passionate physical and emotional love based on aesthetic enjoyment; stereotype of romantic love
Categorization is a type of cognition involving conceptual differentiation between characteristics of conscious experience, such as objects, events, or ideas.It involves the abstraction and differentiation of aspects of experience by sorting and distinguishing between groupings, through classification or typification [1] [2] on the basis of traits, features, similarities or other criteria that ...
Although they are derivatives of phosphonous acid (RP(OH) 2), [2] they are not prepared from such precursors. Phosphonites are prepared by alcoholysis of organophosphinous chlorides. For example, treatment of dichlorophenylphosphine with methanol and base gives dimethyl phenylphosphonite:
Emotion classification, the means by which one may distinguish or contrast one emotion from another, is a contested issue in emotion research and in affective science. Researchers have approached the classification of emotions from one of two fundamental viewpoints: [ citation needed ]
This nomenclature is commonly reserved for substituted derivatives, that is, organic group bonded to phosphorus, not simply an ester. For example, (CH 3 )PO(OH) 2 is " methylphosphonic acid ", which may of course form "methyl phosphonate " esters .
For example, triethylphosphite is known to reduce certain hydroperoxides to alcohols formed by autoxidation [7] (scheme). In this process the phosphite is converted to a phosphate ester . This reaction type is also utilized in the Wender Taxol total synthesis .
Prototype theory is a theory of categorization in cognitive science, particularly in psychology and cognitive linguistics, in which there is a graded degree of belonging to a conceptual category, and some members are more central than others.