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An epitaph (from Ancient Greek ἐπιτάφιος (epitáphios) 'a funeral oration'; from ἐπι-(epi-) 'at, over' and τάφος (táphos) 'tomb') [1] [2] is a short text honoring a deceased person. Strictly speaking, it refers to text that is inscribed on a tombstone or plaque, but it may also be used in a figurative sense.
Military tombstones are most commonly from the 1st and 2nd centuries AD; the pre-Marian army used soldiers for specific campaigning periods; such soldiers would return to civilian life after serving in Rome's conflicts. The longer terms of military service instituted in the late 1st century BC provide more numerous examples.
Nonetheless, tombstones and epitaphs dedicated to infants were common among freedmen. [94] Of the surviving collection of Roman tombstones, roughly 75 percent were made by and for freedmen and slaves. [95] Regardless of class, tombstones functioned as a symbol of rank and were chiefly popular among those of servile origin. [96]
[B] The headstones were a relatively small part of the overall expense; in the 1720s headstones ranged from £2 to over £40. [38] By the mid-18th century, death's head image had become less stern and menacing. The figure was often crowned, the lower jaw eliminated, and serrations of teeth appeared on the upper row.
Boothill Graveyard is a small graveyard of at least 250 interments located in Tombstone, Cochise County, Arizona. [2] Also known as the "Old City Cemetery", the graveyard was used after 1883 only to bury outlaws and a few others.
Captain Andrew Drake (1684–1743) sandstone gravestone from the Stelton Baptist Church in Edison, New Jersey. A gravestone or tombstone is a marker, usually stone, that is placed over a grave. A marker set at the head of the grave may be called a headstone. An especially old or elaborate stone slab may be called a funeral stele, stela, or slab.
Epitaphs on Roman military tombstones usually give the soldier's name, his birthplace, rank and unit, age and years of service, and sometimes other information such as the names of his heirs. Some more elaborate monuments depict the deceased, either in his parade regalia [ 210 ] or togate to emphasize his citizenship. [ 204 ]
Headstone. Scottish gravestones; Cenotaph (empty tomb) Mortuary house. Mausoleum; Catacombs; Pyramid; Pillar tomb; Heroon, herõon or heroum; Sarcophagus (ornate types, otherwise being any stone-built receptacle) Recumbent effigy; Rock-cut tombs in ancient Israel; Stone ship; Church monuments. English church monuments; Ledger stone; Monumental ...
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