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Buffer capacity rises to a local maximum at pH = pK a. The height of this peak depends on the value of pK a. Buffer capacity is negligible when the concentration [HA] of buffering agent is very small and increases with increasing concentration of the buffering agent. [3] Some authors show only this region in graphs of buffer capacity. [2]
As long as all the pure minerals (or compounds) are present in a buffer assemblage, the oxidizing conditions are fixed on the curve for that buffer. Pressure has only a minor influence on these buffer curves for conditions in the Earth's crust. MH: magnetite-hematite: 4 Fe 3 O 4 + O 2 ⇌ 6 Fe 2 O 3. NiNiO: nickel-nickel oxide: 2 Ni + O 2 ⇌ 2 NiO
Acid-neutralizing capacity or ANC in short is a measure for the overall buffering capacity against acidification of a solution, e.g. surface water or soil water.. ANC is defined as the difference between cations of strong bases and anions of strong acids (see below), or dynamically as the amount of acid needed to change the pH value from the sample's value to a chosen different value. [1]
Cation-exchange capacity (CEC) is a measure of how many cations can be retained on soil particle surfaces. [1] Negative charges on the surfaces of soil particles bind positively-charged atoms or molecules (cations), but allow these to exchange with other positively charged particles in the surrounding soil water. [ 2 ]
The available volume for additional water in the soil depends on the porosity of the soil [7] and the rate at which previously infiltrated water can move away from the surface through the soil. The maximum rate at that water can enter soil in a given condition is the infiltration capacity.
A high mesh size (60 mesh = 0.25 mm; 100 mesh = 0.149 mm) indicates a finely ground lime that will react quickly with soil acidity. The buffering capacity of a soil depends on the clay content of the soil, the type of clay, and the amount of organic matter present, and may be related to the soil cation exchange capacity.
The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is a widely used mathematical model that describes soil erosion processes. [1]Erosion models play critical roles in soil and water resource conservation and nonpoint source pollution assessments, including: sediment load assessment and inventory, conservation planning and design for sediment control, and for the advancement of scientific understanding.
A soil survey should list the coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE) value. [2] Professional soil scientists can also analyze samples of a soil to determine its shrink-swell capacity. [2] Expansive soils will form large cracks, in roughly polygonal shapes, on the surface of the soil during dry periods. [3]