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An infinite series of any rational function of can be reduced to a finite series of polygamma functions, by use of partial fraction decomposition, [8] as explained here. This fact can also be applied to finite series of rational functions, allowing the result to be computed in constant time even when the series contains a large number of terms.
As with Pell's equation, the name of the Pell numbers stems from Leonhard Euler's mistaken attribution of the equation and the numbers derived from it to John Pell. The Pell–Lucas numbers are also named after Édouard Lucas, who studied sequences defined by recurrences of this type; the Pell and companion Pell numbers are Lucas sequences.
In mathematics, a sequence is a list of objects (or events) which have been ordered in a sequential fashion; such that each member either comes before, or after, every other member. More formally, a sequence is a function with a domain equal to the set of positive integers. A series is a sum of a sequence of terms. That is, a series is a list ...
Informally, a sequence has a limit if the elements of the sequence become closer and closer to some value (called the limit of the sequence), and they become and remain arbitrarily close to , meaning that given a real number greater than zero, all but a finite number of the elements of the sequence have a distance from less than .
"subtract if possible, otherwise add": a(0) = 0; for n > 0, a(n) = a(n − 1) − n if that number is positive and not already in the sequence, otherwise a(n) = a(n − 1) + n, whether or not that number is already in the sequence. A005132: Look-and-say sequence
More generally, we may write a formula for this sequence as = > + + + =,, …, >, from which we see that the ordinary generating function for this sequence is given by the next sum of convolutions as = + + + = () = = +, from which we are able to extract an exact formula for the sequence by taking the partial fraction expansion of the last ...
In general, grouping the terms of a series creates a new series with a sequence of partial sums that is a subsequence of the partial sums of the original series. This means that if the original series converges, so does the new series after grouping: all infinite subsequences of a convergent sequence also converge to the same limit.
If () = = and () () for all x in an open interval that contains c, except possibly c itself, =. This is known as the squeeze theorem . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This applies even in the cases that f ( x ) and g ( x ) take on different values at c , or are discontinuous at c .