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In acute viral hepatitis, the GGT levels can peak at 2nd and 3rd week of illness, and remained elevated at 6 weeks of illness. GGT is also elevated in 30% of the hepatitis C patients. GGT can increase by 10 times in alcoholism. GGT can increase by 2 to 3 times in 50% of the patients with non-alcoholic liver disease. When GGT levels is elevated ...
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (also γ-glutamyltransferase, GGT, gamma-GT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; [1] EC 2.3.2.2) is a transferase (a type of enzyme) that catalyzes the transfer of gamma-glutamyl functional groups from molecules such as glutathione to an acceptor that may be an amino acid, a peptide or water (forming glutamate).
In medicine, the presence of elevated transaminases, commonly the transaminases alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), may be an indicator of liver dysfunction. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Other terms include transaminasemia , [ 3 ] and elevated liver enzymes (though they are not the only enzymes in the liver).
GGT levels greater than 10 times normal typically indicate cholestasis. Levels 5–10 times tend to indicate viral hepatitis. Levels less than 5 times normal tend to indicate drug toxicity. Acute hepatitis typically has ALT and AST levels rising 20–30 times normal (above 1000) and may remain significantly elevated for several weeks.
Other clinical presentations such as cholestasis, prolonged jaundice, elevated plasma alpha-fetoprotein, elevated citrulline without significant hyperammonemia, and increased galactose in blood or urine are strongly indicative of NICCD. [26] Elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT, or GTP) may sometimes be observed in NICCD patients as well.
Reference ranges for urine tests are described below: Measurement Lower limit Upper limit Unit Urinary specific gravity: 1.003 [1] [2] 1.030 [1] [2] g/mL Urobilinogen:
A Pennsylvania laboratory overcharged New Jersey's Medicaid program by millions of dollars, including more than $1,000 to test urine for drugs, a test that it had charged others as little as $2.38 ...
Analysis of urine porphyrins shows a normal level of coproporphyrin, but the I isomer accounts for 80% of the total (normally 25%). [ citation needed ] For the first two days of life, healthy neonates have ratios of urinary coproporphyrin similar to those seen in patients with Dubin–Johnson syndrome; by 10 days of life, however, these levels ...