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Common oxidizers used are potassium perchlorate and potassium nitrate. Common fuels used are titanium, titanium(II) hydride, zirconium, zirconium hydride, and boron. The size of the fuel particles is determined to produce hot particles with the required burning time. More exotic materials can be used, e.g. carboranes. [1]
Titanium hydride normally refers to the inorganic compound TiH 2 and related nonstoichiometric materials. [1] [2] It is commercially available as a stable grey/black powder, which is used as an additive in the production of Alnico sintered magnets, in the sintering of powdered metals, the production of metal foam, the production of powdered titanium metal and in pyrotechnics.
Titanium(II) hydride – together with potassium perchlorate it is used in some igniters; Zirconium(II) hydride – together with potassium perchlorate it is used in some igniters; Aluminum hydride – unstable for storage (decomposes easily with humidity) and reacts dangerously in contact with water; Decaborane – experimented with for some ...
Potassium perchlorate in crystal form. Potassium perchlorate is prepared industrially by treating an aqueous solution of sodium perchlorate with potassium chloride.This single precipitation reaction exploits the low solubility of KClO 4, which is about 1/100 as much as the solubility of NaClO 4 (209.6 g/100 mL at 25 °C).
It is desired that the pyrotechnic source be gasless. The standard heat source typically consist of mixtures of iron powder and potassium perchlorate in weight ratios of typically 88/12, 86/14, and 84/16. The higher the potassium perchlorate level, the higher the heat output (nominally 200, 259, and 297 calories/gram, respectively).
potassium perchlorate: 7778–74–7 K 2 CuCl 4: potassium tetrachlorocuprate: 13877–24–2 KF: potassium fluoride: 7789–23–3 KH: potassium hydride: 7693–26–7 KHCO 3: potassium bicarbonate: 298–14–6 K(HF 2) potassium bifluoride: 7789–29–9 KHSO 4: potassium bisulfate: 7646–93–7 KH 2 PO 4: potassium diphosphate: 7778–77 ...
potassium permanganate with antimony, very slow; Manganese Delay Composition: manganese with lead chromate and barium chromate (lead chromate is the principal oxidizer, barium chromate acts as burning rate modifier, the more of it the slower the reaction) [1] Tungsten Delay Composition: tungsten with barium chromate and potassium perchlorate [2]
McMurry and Fleming coupled retinal to give carotene using a mixture of titanium trichloride and lithium aluminium hydride. Other symmetrical alkenes were prepared similarly, e.g. from dihydrocivetone , adamantanone and benzophenone (the latter yielding tetraphenylethylene).