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The term "water reuse" is generally used interchangeably with terms such as wastewater reuse, water reclamation, and water recycling. A definition by the USEPA states: "Water reuse is the method of recycling treated wastewater for beneficial purposes, such as agricultural and landscape irrigation, industrial processes, toilet flushing, and groundwater replenishing (EPA, 2004)."
The first known wastewater management system is located in present day Syria . Located in the Fertile Crescent, the Mesopotamian "oasis" shows evidence of wastewater management beginning around 6500 BCE. The area is about 120 km northeast of the ancient city of Palmyra. [1]
Throughout history, people have devised systems to make getting water into their communities and households and disposing of (and later also treating) wastewater more convenient. [1] The historical focus of sewage treatment was on the conveyance of raw sewage to a natural body of water, e.g. a river or ocean, where it would be diluted and ...
An example of a wastewater treatment system. Sanitary engineering, also known as public health engineering or wastewater engineering, is the application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human communities, primarily by providing the removal and disposal of human waste, and in addition to the supply of safe potable water.
[1] Los Angeles City Sanitation (LASAN) operates the largest wastewater collection system in the US, serving a population of four million within a 600 square miles (1,600 km 2) service area. The city's more than 6,700 miles (10,800 km) of public sewers convey 400 million gallons per day of flow from customers to its four plants. [2]
The State Water Resources Control Board has laid out plans for the increased "use of recycled water over 2002 levels by at least one million acre⋅ft (1.2 billion m 3) per year by 2020 and by at least two million acre⋅ft (2.5 billion m 3) per year by 2030." [4] The DWR
A precipitation works using lime and iron sulphate was installed at Beckton in 1887–89. [5] Sludge was disposed of in the Barrow Deep and later in the Black Deep in the outer Thames estuary. [6] In the year 1912/3 1,704,000 tons of sludge was sent to sea, by 1919/20 1.223 million tons of sludge were sent to sea, entailing 1,223 sludge vessel ...
This required another 4 acres (1.6 ha) of primary bacteria beds. The secondary beds was gradually brought on-line as they were completed. The area dedicated to this function increased from 6.5 acres (2.6 ha) in March 1909, to 17 acres (6.9 ha) in October 1910, and 37.25 acres (15.07 ha) by the time the project was finished in April 1914.