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The 100-inch (2.5 m) Hooker telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory that Hubble used to measure galaxy distances and a value for the rate of expansion of the universe. Edwin Hubble's arrival at Mount Wilson Observatory, California, in 1919 coincided roughly with the completion of the 100-inch (2.5 m) Hooker Telescope , then the world's largest.
Milton Humason was born in Dodge Center, Minnesota.. Humason dropped out of school and had no formal education past the age of 14. Because he loved the mountains, and Mount Wilson in particular, he became a "mule skinner" taking materials and equipment up the mountain while Mount Wilson Observatory was being built.
Hubble's idea allowed for two opposing hypotheses to be suggested. One was Lemaître's Big Bang, advocated and developed by George Gamow. The other model was Fred Hoyle's steady-state model, in which new matter would be created as the galaxies moved away from each other. In this model, the universe is roughly the same at any point in time.
The discovery of Hubble's law is attributed to work published by Edwin Hubble in 1929, [2] [3] [4] but the notion of the universe expanding at a calculable rate was first derived from general relativity equations in 1922 by Alexander Friedmann.
The Hubble Space Telescope has come a long way in taking ever deeper "core samples" of the distant universe. After Hubble's launch in 1990, astronomers debated if it was worth spending a chunk of the telescope's time to go on a "fishing expedition" to take a very long exposure of a small, seemingly blank piece of sky.
Around 1930, Edwin Hubble discovered that light from remote galaxies was redshifted; the more remote, the more shifted.This implies that the galaxies are receding from the Earth, with more distant galaxies receding more rapidly, such that galaxies also recede from each other.
The earliest and most direct observational evidence of the validity of the theory are the expansion of the universe according to Hubble's law (as indicated by the redshifts of galaxies), discovery and measurement of the cosmic microwave background and the relative abundances of light elements produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN).
1922 – Alexander Friedmann proposes expanding universe; 1922–37 – Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric cosmological model; 1923 – Stern–Gerlach experiment; 1923 – Edwin Hubble: Galaxies discovered; 1923 – Arthur Compton: Particle nature of photons confirmed by observation of photon momentum; 1924 – Bose–Einstein ...