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Vastitas Borealis (Latin for 'northern waste') [1] is the largest lowland region of Mars. It is in the northerly latitudes of the planet and encircles the northern polar region . [ 2 ] Vastitas Borealis is often simply referred to as the northern plains , northern lowlands or the North polar erg [ 3 ] of Mars.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 14 February 2025. Hypothetical modification of Mars into an Earth-like habitable planet This article is about the technological process. For the board game, see Terraforming Mars (board game). Artist's conception of the process of terraforming Mars. The terraforming of Mars or the terraformation of Mars ...
The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), which accurately determined in 1999 the altitude of all parts of Mars, found that the watershed for an ocean on Mars would cover three-quarters of the planet. [16] The unique distribution of crater types below 2400 m elevation in the Vastitas Borealis was studied in 2005.
The North Polar Basin, more commonly known as the Borealis Basin, is a large basin in the northern hemisphere of Mars that covers 40% of the planet. [1] [2] Some scientists have postulated that the basin formed during the impact of a single, large body roughly 2% of the mass of Mars, having a diameter of about 1,900 km (1,200 miles) early in the history of Mars, around 4.5 billion years ago.
An artist's conception shows a terraformed Mars in four stages of development.. Terraforming or terraformation ("Earth-shaping") is the hypothetical process of deliberately modifying the atmosphere, temperature, surface topography or ecology of a planet, moon, or other body to be similar to the environment of Earth to make it habitable for humans to live on.
[3] [12] [26] Currently, the stratigraphic boundary of the Hesperian with the younger Amazonian System is defined as the base of the Vastitas Borealis Formation [27] (pictured right). The Vastitas Borealis is a vast, low-lying plain that covers much of the northern hemisphere of Mars. It is generally interpreted to consist of reworked sediments ...
Planum Boreum (Latin: "the northern plain") is the northern polar plain on Mars.It extends northward from roughly 80°N and is centered at Surrounding the high polar plain is a flat and featureless lowland plain called Vastitas Borealis which extends for approximately 1500 kilometers southwards, dominating the northern hemisphere.
Artist's conception of a terraformed Mars. This realistic portrayal is approximately centered on the prime meridian and 30 degrees north latitude, with the north polar cap at upper left, and a hypothesized ocean with a sea level at approximately two kilometers below average surface elevation.