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Subsets of functional neurological disorders include functional neurologic symptom disorder (FNsD) (conversion disorder), functional movement disorder, and functional seizures. The diagnosis is made based on positive signs and symptoms in the history and examination during consultation of a neurologist. [3]
Conversion disorder is now partly contained under functional neurological symptom disorder (FNsD). In cases of conversion disorder, there is a psychological stressor. The diagnostic criteria for functional neurologic symptom disorder, as set out in DSM-5, are:
In primary movement disorders, the abnormal movement is the primary manifestation of the disorder. In secondary movement disorders, the abnormal movement is a manifestation of another systemic or neurological disorder. [3] Treatment depends upon the underlying disorder. [4]
There are many different functional disorder diagnoses that might be given depending on the symptom or syndrome that is most troublesome. There are many examples of symptoms that individuals may experience; some of these include persistent or recurrent pain, fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath or bowel problems.
Motor disorders are disorders of the nervous system that cause abnormal and involuntary movements. They can result from damage to the motor system. [1]Motor disorders are defined in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) – published in 2013 to replace the fourth text revision – as a new sub-category of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Treatments can relieve some symptoms and in some, improve quality of life. [3] The best evidence for treatment of the movement problems is with tetrabenazine. [3] HD affects about 4 to 15 in 100,000 people of European descent. [1] [3] It is rare among the Finnish and Japanese, while the occurrence rate in Africa is unknown. [3]
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