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The timeline begins at the Bronze Age, as it is difficult to give even estimates for the timing of events prior to this, such as of the discovery of counting, natural numbers and arithmetic. To avoid overlap with timeline of historic inventions , the timeline does not list examples of documentation for manufactured substances and devices unless ...
This timeline lists significant discoveries in physics and the laws of nature, including experimental discoveries, theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally, and theories that have significantly influenced current thinking in modern physics. Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process.
The history of science covers the development of science from ancient times to the present. It encompasses all three major branches of science: natural, social, and formal. [ 1] Protoscience, early sciences, and natural philosophies such as alchemy and astrology during the Bronze Age, Iron Age, classical antiquity, and the Middle Ages declined ...
1863 – Gregor Mendel 's pea plant experiments ( Mendel's laws of inheritance ). 1887 – Heinrich Hertz discovers the photoelectric effect. 1887 – Michelson and Morley: Michelson–Morley experiment, showing that the speed of light is invariant. 1896 – Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity. 1897 – J. J. Thomson discovers the electron.
In the 20th century, Alexandre Koyré introduced the term "scientific revolution", centering his analysis on Galileo. The term was popularized by Herbert Butterfield in his Origins of Modern Science. Thomas Kuhn 's 1962 work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions emphasizes that different theoretical frameworks—such as Einstein 's theory of ...
An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
The History of Science Portal. The history of science covers the development of science from ancient times to the present. It encompasses all three major branches of science: natural, social, and formal. Protoscience, early sciences, and natural philosophies such as alchemy and astrology during the Bronze Age, Iron Age, classical antiquity, and ...
The 19th century in science saw the birth of science as a profession; the term scientist was coined in 1833 by William Whewell, [ 1] which soon replaced the older term of (natural) philosopher. Among the most influential ideas of the 19th century were those of Charles Darwin (alongside the independent research of Alfred Russel Wallace ), who in ...