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The Bengal tiger is a population of the Panthera tigris tigris subspecies and the nominate tiger subspecies. It ranks among the largest wild cats alive today. It is estimated to have been present in the Indian subcontinent since the Late Pleistocene for about 12,000 to 16,500 years.
The Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris [NCBI:txid74535]) [7] is the species found all across the country except Thar desert region, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Kutch region. [8] These can attain the largest body size among all the Felidae, [6]: 29 and therefore are called Royal Bengal Tigers.
Tigers in the wild typically have a lifespan of 10-15 years, according to the Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute. Tigers cared for by humans can live upwards of 20 years.
As per Ministry of Environment and Forests, the wild tiger population in India stood at 2,226 in 2014 with an increase of 30.5% since the 2010 estimate. [11] In 2018, according to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, there were an estimated 2,603–3,346 wild tigers with an average of 2,967 in existence in India. [12]
Today, the presence of tigers was confirmed in the Hukawng Valley, Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, and in two small areas in the Tanintharyi Region. The Tenasserim Hills is an important area, but forests are harvested there. [47] In 2015, tigers were recorded by camera traps for the first time in the hill forests of Kayin State. [48]
The Siberian and Bengal tigers are the largest. [47] Male Bengal tigers weigh 200–260 kg (440–570 lb), and females weigh 100–160 kg (220–350 lb); island tigers are the smallest, likely due to insular dwarfism. [11] Male Sumatran tigers weigh 100–140 kg (220–310 lb), and females weigh 75–110 kg (165–243 lb). [54]
As per Ministry of Environment and Forests, the wild tiger population in India stood at 2,226 in 2014 with an increase of 30.5% since the 2010 estimate. [4] In 2018, according to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, there were an estimated 2,967 wild tigers in existence in India. The wild tiger population increased to 3,682 as of 2022. [5]
Project Tiger is headed by an additional director general (ADG) based at New Delhi with regional offices at Bangalore, Guwahati and Nagpur. [1] The wildlife habitats that fall under Project Tiger are categorized into different conservation units: Shivalik-Terai, North East, Sunderbans, Western ghats, Eastern ghats, Central India and Sariska. [13]