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One form of behavioral neuropharmacology focuses on the study of drug dependence and how drug addiction affects the human mind. Most research has shown that the major part of the brain that reinforces addiction through neurochemical reward is the nucleus accumbens. The image to the right shows how dopamine is projected into this area.
Nicotine exposure during brain development may hamper growth of neurons and brain circuits, effecting brain architecture, chemistry, and neurobehavioral activity. [ 1 ] Nicotine changes the way synapses are formed, which can harm the parts of the brain that control attention and learning. [ 6 ]
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1) drugs are a class of medications used to manage type 2 diabetes and treat obesity. While many drugs in this class are relatively new, researchers ...
Alcohol acts as a general central nervous system depressant, but it also affects some specific areas of the brain to a greater extent than others. Memory impairment caused by alcohol has been linked to the disruption of hippocampal function—particularly affecting gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) neurotransmission which negatively impacts long-term potentiation ...
A review and meta-analysis published in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews in May 2024 highlighted the benefits that prescription drugs for ADHD can bring to brain health. The research looked ...
Researchers found that 63% of lifetime heavy cannabis-using participants and 68% of recent cannabis users showed reduced brain activity during their working memory task. “We found that brain ...
An implicit premise in neuropsychopharmacology with regard to the psychological aspects is that all states of mind, including both normal and drug-induced altered states, and diseases involving mental or cognitive dysfunction, have a neurochemical basis at the fundamental level, and certain circuit pathways in the central nervous system at a higher level.
Psychoactive drugs operate by temporarily affecting a person's neurochemistry, which in turn causes changes in a person's mood, cognition, perception and behavior. There are many ways in which psychoactive drugs can affect the brain. Each drug has a specific action on one or more neurotransmitter or neuroreceptor in the brain.