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Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease ), is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes. It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Diabetic retinopathy affects up to 80 percent of those who have had both type 1 and type 2 diabetes for 20 years or more.
Age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy are the leading causes of blindness in the developed world. [53] Among working-age adults who are newly blind in England and Wales the most common causes in 2010 were: [54] Hereditary retinal disorders (20.2%) Diabetic retinopathy (14.4%) Optic atrophy (14.1%) Glaucoma (5.9%)
Retinopathy is any damage to the retina of the eyes, which may cause vision impairment. [ 1] Retinopathy often refers to retinal vascular disease, or damage to the retina caused by abnormal blood flow. [ 2] Age-related macular degeneration is technically included under the umbrella term retinopathy but is often discussed as a separate entity ...
Cotton wool spots are typically a sign of another disease state, most common of which is diabetic retinopathy. [2] The irregularly shaped white patches are a result of ischemia , or reduced blood flow and oxygen, in the retinal nerve fiber layer , which is located in the distribution of the capillaries of the superficial layer of the retina. [ 2 ]
Central serous chorioretinopathy ( CSC or CSCR ), also known as central serous retinopathy ( CSR ), is an eye disease that causes visual impairment, often temporary, usually in one eye. [ 1][ 2] When the disorder is active it is characterized by leakage of fluid under the retina that has a propensity to accumulate under the central macula.
AC 2/4: Grade 2 anterior chamber angle: AC 1/4: ... rule used to assess optic disc appearance K: ... Background diabetic retinopathy BP Blood pressure
the 2007 finding that non-diabetic family members of type 1 diabetics had increased risk for microvascular complications, [62] such as diabetic retinopathy [63] Some genes appear to provide protection against diabetic complications, as seen in a subset of long-term diabetes type 1 survivors without complications. [64] [65]
[13] [14] Results of using laser coagulation to treat diabetic retinopathy were first published in 1954. [ 2 ] [ 15 ] Conventional macular focal and grid laser photocoagulation were established as the treatment of choice for diabetic macular edema in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), which was published in 1985.
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