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Making a saline water solution by dissolving table salt in water.The salt is the solute and the water the solvent. In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes.
With various solvents there is a different effect on the electronic ground state and excited state of the solute, so that the size of energy gap between them changes as the solvent changes. This is reflected in the absorption or emission spectrum of the solute as differences in the position, intensity, and shape of the spectroscopic bands.
A solvent dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution Ethyl acetate, a nail polish solvent. [1] A solvent (from the Latin solvō, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid.
In chemistry, solvent effects are the influence of a solvent on chemical reactivity or molecular associations. Solvents can have an effect on solubility , stability and reaction rates and choosing the appropriate solvent allows for thermodynamic and kinetic control over a chemical reaction.
Solute atoms should have a smaller radius than 59% of the radius of solvent atoms. [5] [6] The solute and solvent should have similar electronegativity. [7] Valency factor: two elements should have the same valence. The greater the difference in valence between solute and solvent atoms, the lower the solubility.
The solubility of a specific solute in a specific solvent is generally expressed as the concentration of a saturated solution of the two. [1] Any of the several ways of expressing concentration of solutions can be used, such as the mass, volume, or amount in moles of the solute for a specific mass, volume, or mole amount of the solvent or of the solution.
The first term is equal to the volume of the same quantity of solvent with no solute, and the second term is the change of volume on addition of the solute. ϕ V ~ 1 {\displaystyle {}^{\phi }{\tilde {V}}_{1}\,} may then be considered as the molar volume of the solute if it is assumed that the molar volume of the solvent is unchanged by ...
If the solute dissociates in solution, then the number of moles of solute is increased by the van 't Hoff factor, which represents the true number of solute particles for each formula unit. For example, the strong electrolyte MgCl 2 dissociates into one Mg 2+ ion and two Cl − ions, so that if ionization is complete, i = 3 and =, where is ...