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Pathophysiology is a study which explains the function of the body as it relates to diseases and conditions. The pathophysiology of hypertension is an area which attempts to explain mechanistically the causes of hypertension, which is a chronic disease characterized by elevation of blood pressure. Hypertension can be classified by cause as ...
e. Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. [ 11] High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms itself. [ 1] It is, however, a major risk factor for stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral ...
Essential hypertension (also called primary hypertension, or idiopathic hypertension) is a form of hypertension without an identifiable physiologic cause. [ 1][ 2] It is the most common type affecting 85% of those with high blood pressure. [ 3][ 4] The remaining 15% is accounted for by various causes of secondary hypertension. [ 3]
Hypertensive encephalopathy ( HE) is general brain dysfunction due to significantly high blood pressure. [ 3] Symptoms may include headache, vomiting, trouble with balance, and confusion. [ 1] Onset is generally sudden. [ 1] Complications can include seizures, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and bleeding in the back of the eye ...
Diagnosis. The term hypertensive emergency is primarily used as a specific term for a hypertensive crisis with a diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 120 mmHg or systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 180 mmHg. [ 9] Hypertensive emergency differs from hypertensive urgency in that, in the former, there is evidence of acute ...
Orthostatic hypertension involving the systolic BP is known as systolic orthostatic hypertension . High diastolic blood pressure measured while standing in a person who stood up shortly after waking up. When it affects an individual's ability to remain upright, orthostatic hypertension is considered as a form of orthostatic intolerance.
In medicine, systolic hypertension is defined as an elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP). [ 1] If the systolic blood pressure is elevated (>140) with a normal (<90) diastolic blood pressure (DBP), it is called isolated systolic hypertension. [ 2] Eighty percent of people with systolic hypertension are over the age of 65 years old. [ 3]
Hypertension is managed using lifestyle modification and antihypertensive medications. Hypertension is usually treated to achieve a blood pressure of below 140/90 mmHg to 160/100 mmHg. According to one 2003 review, reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34% and of ischaemic heart disease by 21% and reduce ...