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  2. Transformer (deep learning architecture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer_(deep_learning...

    For many years, sequence modelling and generation was done by using plain recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A well-cited early example was the Elman network (1990). In theory, the information from one token can propagate arbitrarily far down the sequence, but in practice the vanishing-gradient problem leaves the model's state at the end of a long sentence without precise, extractable ...

  3. PyTorch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PyTorch

    In September 2022, Meta announced that PyTorch would be governed by the independent PyTorch Foundation, a newly created subsidiary of the Linux Foundation. [ 23 ] PyTorch 2.0 was released on 15 March 2023, introducing TorchDynamo , a Python-level compiler that makes code run up to 2x faster, along with significant improvements in training and ...

  4. PyTorch Lightning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PyTorch_Lightning

    PyTorch Lightning is an open-source Python library that provides a high-level interface for PyTorch, a popular deep learning framework. [1] It is a lightweight and high-performance framework that organizes PyTorch code to decouple research from engineering, thus making deep learning experiments easier to read and reproduce.

  5. BERT (language model) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BERT_(language_model)

    Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) is a language model introduced in October 2018 by researchers at Google. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It learns to represent text as a sequence of vectors using self-supervised learning .

  6. Vision transformer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_transformer

    A vision transformer (ViT) is a transformer designed for computer vision. [1] A ViT decomposes an input image into a series of patches (rather than text into tokens ), serializes each patch into a vector, and maps it to a smaller dimension with a single matrix multiplication .

  7. Neural tangent kernel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_tangent_kernel

    The NTK can be studied for various ANN architectures, [2] in particular convolutional neural networks (CNNs), [19] recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and transformers. [20] In such settings, the large-width limit corresponds to letting the number of parameters grow, while keeping the number of layers fixed: for CNNs, this involves letting the number of channels grow.

  8. Training, validation, and test data sets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Training,_validation,_and...

    A training data set is a data set of examples used during the learning process and is used to fit the parameters (e.g., weights) of, for example, a classifier. [9] [10]For classification tasks, a supervised learning algorithm looks at the training data set to determine, or learn, the optimal combinations of variables that will generate a good predictive model. [11]

  9. Torch (machine learning) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torch_(machine_learning)

    Torch is an open-source machine learning library, a scientific computing framework, and a scripting language based on Lua. [3] It provides LuaJIT interfaces to deep learning algorithms implemented in C. It was created by the Idiap Research Institute at EPFL. Torch development moved in 2017 to PyTorch, a port of the library to Python. [4] [5] [6]