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Caubère defines superbases as "bases resulting from a mixing of two (or more) bases leading to new basic species possessing inherent new properties. The term superbase does not mean a base is thermodynamically and/or kinetically stronger than another, instead it means that a basic reagent is created by combining the characteristics of several ...
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In chemistry, the Verkade base (or Verkade superbase) is a powerful superbase with the formula P(MeNCH 2 CH 2) 3 N. A colorless oil, it is an aminophosphine although its inventor John Verkade called it proazaphosphatrane. The trimethyl derivative or 2,5,8,9-tetraaza-1-phosphabicyclo[3.3.3]undecane is the simplest. [1]
7-Methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (mTBD) is a bicyclic strong guanidine base (pK a = 25.43 in CH 3 CN and pK a = 17.9 in THF). [3] mTBD, like 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene and other guanidine super bases, can be used as a catalyst in a variety of chemical reactions. [4]
Schlosser's base (or Lochmann-Schlosser base) describes various superbasic mixtures of an alkyllithium compound and a potassium alkoxide. [1] [2] The reagent is named after Manfred Schlosser, although he uses the term LICKOR superbase (LIC denoting the alkyllithium, and KOR denoting the potassium alkoxide).
Schlosser's base is a superbase produced by treating butyllithium with potassium t-butoxide. It is kinetically more reactive than butyllithium and is often used to accomplish difficult metalations . While some n -butylpotassium is present and is a stronger base than n -BuLi, the reactivity of the mixture is not exactly the same as isolated n ...
Lithium monoxide anion (LiO −) is a superbase existing in the gas phase. It was the strongest known base until 2008, when the isomeric diethynylbenzene dianions were determined to have a higher proton affinity. The methanide ion CH − 3 was the strongest known base before lithium monoxide anion was discovered. [2]
According to calculations, ortho-diethynylbenzene dianion is the strongest superbase and has a proton affinity of 1,843.987 kJ/mol (440.723 kcal/mol). [1] The meta isomer is the second-strongest, and the para isomer is the third. All three are readily able to accept any proton to its ethynyl tails, from almost any compound.