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The Castner process for production of sodium metal was introduced in 1888 by Hamilton Castner. At that time (prior to the introduction in the same year of the Hall-Héroult process) the primary use for sodium metal was as a reducing agent to produce aluminium from its purified ores. The Castner process reduced the cost of producing sodium in ...
The Earth's crust contains 2.27% sodium, making it the sixth most abundant element on Earth and the fourth most abundant metal, behind aluminium, iron, calcium, and magnesium and ahead of potassium. [48] Sodium's estimated oceanic abundance is 10.8 grams per liter. [49] Because of its high reactivity, it is never found as a pure element.
This is a list of prices of chemical elements. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Data on elements' abundance in Earth's crustis added for comparison. As of 2020[update], the most expensive non-syntheticelement by both mass and volume is rhodium. It is followed by caesium, iridiumand palladiumby mass and ...
Diagram of a downs cell electrolyzing molten NaCl into chlorine gas and sodium metal. Downs' process is an electrochemical method for the commercial preparation of metallic sodium, in which molten NaCl is electrolyzed in a special apparatus called the Downs cell. The Downs cell was invented in 1923 (patented: 1924) by the American chemist James ...
primordial. element by radioactive decay. Atomic number color: black=solid. The alkali metals consist of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), [ note 1] rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), [ note 2] and francium (Fr). Together with hydrogen they constitute group 1, [ note 3] which lies in the s-block of the periodic table.
Sodium aluminate is an inorganic chemical that is used as an effective source of aluminium hydroxide for many industrial and technical applications. Pure sodium aluminate (anhydrous) is a white crystalline solid having a formula variously given as NaAlO 2, Na 3 AlO 3, Na[Al(OH) 4], Na 2 O·Al 2 O 3 or Na 2 Al 2 O 4.
Hall–Héroult process. The Hall–Héroult process is the major industrial process for smelting aluminium. It involves dissolving aluminium oxide (alumina) (obtained most often from bauxite, aluminium 's chief ore, through the Bayer process) in molten cryolite and electrolyzing the molten salt bath, typically in a purpose-built cell.
Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis. [44] Later in the same year, Davy reported extraction of the metal sodium from a mineral derivative (caustic soda, NaOH, or lye) rather than a plant salt, by a similar technique, demonstrating that the elements, and thus the salts, are different.
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