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HIV-1 is the more commonly associated with AIDS in the US and worldwide, HIV-2 is more rare, and typically restricted to areas in western Africa and southern Asia. HIV-2 is so uncommon that “HIV” almost always refers to HIV-1. Alright HIV targets CD4+ cells, meaning cells that have this specific molecule called CD4 on their membrane.
HIV can infect a variety of immune cells such as CD4 + T cells, macrophages, and microglial cells. HIV-1 entry to macrophages and CD4 + T cells is mediated through interaction of the virion envelope glycoproteins (gp120) with the CD4 molecule on the target cells' membrane and also with chemokine co-receptors. [26] [44]
HIV can survive at room temperature outside the body for hours if dry (provided that initial concentrations are high), [31] and for weeks if wet (in used syringes/needles). [32] However, the amounts typically present in bodily fluids do not survive nearly as long outside the body—generally no more than a few minutes if dry. [23]
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [8] [9] [10] is a retrovirus [11] that attacks the immune system.It is a preventable disease. [5] It can be managed with treatment and become a manageable chronic health condition. [5]
HIV is commonly transmitted via unprotected sexual activity, blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child.Upon acquisition of the virus, the virus replicates inside and kills T helper cells, which are required for almost all adaptive immune responses.
The immune system does not have the ability to generate new T cells. Opportunistic infections, that a robust immune system could fight off, now are capable of causing severe symptoms and illnesses. Without a comprehensive anti-HIV drug therapy, an individual diagnosed with AIDS is expected to have less than three years to live.
APOBEC3G is thus a host defence to retroviral infection which HIV-1 has overcome by the acquisition of Vif. [5] Vif 1 is additionally able to inhibit human A3C, A3D, A3F, and A3H haplotype II, [6] all of which can similarly be packaged and cause hypermutation in Vif-deficient HIV-1. Different surfaces on Vif 1 are used to bind A3C, A3F, and A3G ...
P24 is a structural protein that plays a crucial role in the formation and stability of the viral capsid, which protects the viral RNA. p24 capsid protein's roles in the HIV replicative process are summarized as follows: [citation needed] Fusion: HIV replication cycle begins when HIV fuses with the surface of the host cell.