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The pleadings are contained in various Statements of Case - usually the Claim and any associated Particulars of Claim, the Defence, and an optional reply to the Defence. The Claim, Particulars of Claim, and Defence, are broadly equivalent to the Summons, Complaint and Answer filed in some other jurisdictions). The pleadings set out succinctly ...
The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure provide in rule 7(f) that "the court may direct the government to file a bill of particulars".. In U.S. state law, the bill of particulars was abolished in nearly all court systems in the 1940s and 1950s due to the widespread recognition that much of the information requested could be obtained more efficiently through the discovery process.
Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure a complaint is the first pleading in American law filed by a plaintiff which initiates a lawsuit. [1] A complaint sets forth the relevant allegations of fact that give rise to one or more legal causes of action along with a prayer for relief and sometimes a statement of damages claimed (an ad quod damnum clause).
The Claim Form (which may also include summary or all the particulars of claim, Defence and Response are all statements of case. The term "pleadings" continues to be used, though incorrectly, to refer to statements of case, the preferred terminology used by the Civil Procedure Rules. [1]
Lipkin Gorman v Karpnale Ltd [1988] UKHL 12 (6 June 1991) is a foundational English unjust enrichment case. The House of Lords unanimously established that the basis of an action for money had and received is the principle of unjust enrichment, and that an award of restitution is subject to a defence of change of position.
Special pleas in federal criminal cases have been abolished, and defenses formerly raised by special pleas are now raised by motion to dismiss. A conditional plea is one where the defendant pleads guilty to the offense but expressly reserves the right to appeal certain aspects of the charges (for example, that the evidence was illegally obtained).
Pleading. 2 Pleading to state material facts and not evidence. 3 Forms of pleading. 4 Particulars to be given where necessary. 5 [Omitted.]. 6 Condition precedent. 7 Departure. 8 Denial of Contract. 9 Effect of document to be stated. 10 Malice, knowledge, etc. 11 Notice. 12 Implied Contract or relation. 13 Presumptions of law. 14 Pleading to be ...
General form books usually fall into one of two categories: transactional, or covering pleading and practice processes. [7] Transactional (or legal) forms give examples of contracts, wills, leases, deeds, mortgages, and other substantive matters. Pleading and practice forms provide formatting and examples for legal language to be used in ...