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The Symphony No. 3 in E ♭ major, Op. 55, (also Italian Sinfonia Eroica, Heroic Symphony; German: Eroica, pronounced [eˈʁoːikaː] ⓘ) is a symphony in four movements by Ludwig van Beethoven. One of Beethoven's most celebrated works, the Eroica symphony is a large-scale composition that marked the beginning of the composer's innovative ...
[2] [3] Plantinga theorizes that a source may be Clementi's Piano Sonata in F minor, Op. 13, No. 6 (composed in 1784), where the first seven or eight notes of the Eroica theme can be matched, with a simpler rhythm, with the beginning of the third movement (in a minor key), and later to the melody in a major key (the Eroica theme is in a major ...
It was performed again a year later on January 20, 1805, at a semi-public Sunday concert organized by the Viennese banker Joseph Würth, in direct competition with the first performance of Beethoven’s Eroica Symphony (his Symphony No.3 in the same key of E ♭ major, Op. 55), a critic for the AMZ observed that the Eberl symphony was "extraordinarily pleasing, and really it has so much that ...
The key of C minor was, like most other minor keys, associated with the literary Sturm und Drang movement during the Classical period. But ever since Ludwig van Beethoven's famous Symphony No. 5, Op. 67, of 1808, C minor imparts a symphony in the key a character of heroic struggle.
The third movement incorporates a funeral march, clearly anticipating the watershed of the Eroica Symphony that Beethoven wrote in 1803–1804. This is the only movement from his sonatas that Beethoven arranged for orchestra, and was played during Beethoven's own funeral procession in 1827. [1]
"E-flat was the key Haydn chose most often for [string] quartets, ten times in all, and in every other case he wrote the slow movement in the dominant, B-flat major." [ 2 ] Or "when composing church music and operatic music in E-flat major, [Joseph] Haydn often substituted cors anglais for oboes in this period", and also in Symphony No. 22 .
Op. 26 in A-flat major contains a 'marcia funebre' which foreshadows that of the 'Eroica' symphony; Op. 27, no. 2 in C-sharp minor 'Quasi una fantasia' (the famous 'Moonlight' sonata) has the dramatic sonata form movement come last instead of first, and Op. 31, No. 3 in E-flat major contains both a scherzo and a minuet, sacrificing a slow movement.
Many classical compositions belong to a numbered series of works of a similar type by the same composer. For example, Beethoven wrote 9 symphonies, 10 violin sonatas, 32 piano sonatas, 5 piano concertos, 16 string quartets, 7 piano trios and other works, all of which are numbered sequentially within their genres and generally referred to by their sequence numbers, keys and opus numbers.