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Indigo dye is a dark blue crystalline powder that sublimes at 390–392 °C (734–738 °F). It is insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether, but soluble in DMSO, chloroform, nitrobenzene, and concentrated sulfuric acid. The chemical formula of indigo is C 16 H 10 N 2 O 2.
Indirubin is a chemical constituent of indigo naturalis (also known as qing dai 青黛), which has been used since 627 AD in traditional Chinese medicine. It is essentially the indigo dye as traditionally extracted from plants by fermentation and lime treatment. [ 1 ]
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Indigo carmine, or 5,5′-indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt, is an organic salt derived from indigo by aromatic sulfonation, which renders the compound soluble in water. Like indigo, it produces a blue color , and is used in food and other consumables , cosmetics, and as a medical contrast agent and staining agent; it also acts as a pH indicator .
2-Nitrobenzaldehyde is an intermediate in an early route to indigo, a water-insoluble dye commonly used to dye jeans and other fabrics.In the Baeyer-Drewson indigo synthesis, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde condenses with acetone in basic aqueous solution to yield indigo in a one-pot synthesis [9] [10] The method was abandoned in the early part of the 20th century, being replaced by routes from aniline.
The substance, IUPAC name (29H,31H-phthalocyaninato(2−)-N29,N30,N31,N32)copper(II), is known by many names [2] such as monastral blue, phthalo blue, helio blue, [3] thalo blue, Winsor blue, [4] phthalocyanine blue, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:2, [5] [6] copper phthalocyanine blue, [7] copper tetrabenzoporphyrazine, [8] Cu-phthaloblue, [9] P.B.15.2, [10] [11] [12] C.I. 74160, [13] [14] [15] and ...
Cinnamic acid is used in flavorings, synthetic indigo, and certain pharmaceuticals. A major use is as a precursor to produce methyl cinnamate, ethyl cinnamate, and benzyl cinnamate for the perfume industry. [4] Cinnamic acid is a precursor to the sweetener aspartame via enzyme-catalysed amination with phenylalanine. [5]