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The urachus is also subject to neoplasia. Urachal adenocarcinoma is histologically similar to adenocarcinoma of the bowel. Rarely, urachus carcinomas can metastasise to other regions of the body, including pelvic bones and the lung. [7] One urachal mass has been reported that was found to be a manifestation of IgG4-related disease. [8]
A urachal cyst is a sinus remaining from the allantois during embryogenesis. It is a cyst which occurs in the remnants between the umbilicus and bladder . [ 1 ] This is a type of cyst occurring in a persistent portion of the urachus , presenting as an extraperitoneal mass in the umbilical region.
Urachal cancer is a very rare type of cancer arising from the urachus or its remnants. [1] The disease might arise from metaplastic glandular epithelium or embryonic epithelial remnants originating from the cloaca region. [2] It occurs in roughly about one person per 1 million people per year varying on the geographical region. [3]
If the urachus fails to close during fetal life, it can result in anatomical abnormalities such as a urachal cyst, urachal fistula, urachal diverticulum or urachal sinus. In very rare cases the urachus can fail to close fully. This can lead to a condition known as a patent urachus (also urachal fistula). Although it is mainly immediately ...
Umbilical urachal sinus. Umbilical-urachal sinus is a congenital disorder of the urinary bladder caused by failure of obliteration of proximal or distal part of the allantois, and the presentation of this anomaly is more common in children and rarer in adults.
During fetal development, the allantois becomes the urachus, a duct between the bladder and the yolk sac. A patent allantois can result in a urachal cyst. Because the allantois can be cultured ex vivo, it has utility as a model system for studying the formation of blood vessels as well as considerable usefulness in drug screening. [9]
In the human embryo, the vitelline duct, also known as the vitellointestinal duct, [1] the yolk stalk, [1] the omphaloenteric duct, [1] or the omphalomesenteric duct, [1] is a long narrow tube that joins the yolk sac to the midgut lumen of the developing fetus. [2]
The medial umbilical ligament, cord of umbilical artery, or obliterated umbilical artery is a paired structure found in human anatomy.It is on the deep surface of the anterior abdominal wall, and is covered by the medial umbilical folds (plicae umbilicales mediales).