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Bluetongue (BT) disease is a noncontagious, arthropod-borne viral disease affecting ruminants, [1] primarily sheep and other domestic or wild ruminants, including cattle, yaks, [2] goats, buffalo, deer, dromedaries, and antelope. [3]
Bluetongue virus. Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a Sedoreoviridae dsRNA virus part of the genus Orbivirus.The virus causes Bluetongue disease. [1] [2] [3] BTV is relatively fragile and its infectivity is lost in slightly acidic environments.
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus ' s genome is about 18-31 kDa in length and consists of 10 segments, where each segment encodes a single protein. [6] These proteins could be one of the seven structural proteins (VP1-VP7) or one of the four non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2, NS3a, or NS3b). [7]
EHD has been shown to not affect humans, and no evidence has been found that the epizootic hemorrhagic disease can be contracted through midge bites or by consuming venison that has been infected with the virus. EHD is exclusive to ruminants, and no cases have been reported of nonruminants exhibiting signs or symptoms that are linked to EHD. [12]
This blue tongue is used to alarm predators and scare them off. The eastern blue-tongue lizard has smooth skin covered with scales that overlap and have small bone plates. [2] The ventral (abdominal) region of the lizard is a silver or gray color. The lizard's back, however, appears dark brown and cream-colored and its head is pale brown. [5]
Orbivirus; Cryo-EM of the protein structure of a bluetongue virus capsid: Negatively stained Bluetongue virus–like particle that caused a cytopathic effect in BHK-21 cells. . Scale bar = 5
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Gongylonema pulchrum is the only parasite of the genus Gongylonema capable of infecting humans. Gongylonema pulchrum infections are due to humans acting as accidental hosts for the parasite. There are seven genera of spirudia nematodes that infect human hosts accidentally: Gnathostoma, Thelazia, Gongylonema, Physaloptera, Spirocerca, Rictularia.