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Modified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release [ER, XR, XL] dosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage). [1] Sustained-release dosage forms are dosage ...
In pharmacokinetics, a loading dose is an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose. [ 1 ] A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly, i.e. have a long systemic half-life .
A jet injection aims to create a release of pressure strong enough to push a liquid medication dose through a small orifice. This is usually done with the help of an energy source which is mechanical. With this, a thin column of fluid is created which has the force to penetrate soft tissues, thus a needle is not required. [15] Advantages:
This is the earliest documented jet injector to administer water or medicine under enough pressure to penetrate the skin without the use of a needle. [20] 1920s: Diesel engines began to be made in large quantities: thus the start of serious risk of accidental jet-injection by their fuel injectors in workshop accidents.
Injector pens may also remove stigma or fear around the use of injection medication in public environments, such as insulin before a meal at a restaurant. [2] Combination injector pens which include multiple medications used to treat a disease are designed to reduce the number of injections a person must use to administer their medications. [3]
In veterinary medicine a bolus is a large time-release tablet that stays in the rumen of cattle, goats, and sheep. It can also refer to a dose of liquid injected subcutaneously with a hypodermic needle, such as saline solution administered either to counteract dehydration or especially to mitigate kidney failure, a common ailment in domestic cats.
accelerate the syringe forward, puncturing the injection site; actuate the piston of the syringe, injecting the drug; deploy a shield to cover the needle; Some injectors are triggered by simply pushing the nose ring against the injection site. In these designs, the protective cap is the primary safety.
[2]: 102–103 An intramuscular injection is less invasive than an intravenous injection and also generally takes less time, as the site of injection (a muscle versus a vein) is much larger. Medications administered in the muscle may also be administered as depot injections , which provide slow, continuous release of medicine over a longer ...