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The estrogen receptor test (ERT) is a laboratory test to determine whether cancer cells have estrogen receptors.This information can guide treatment of the cancer. [1]The test uses immunohistochemical techniques on the estrogen receptor (ER).
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor (mainly found as a chromatin-binding protein [5]) that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen. In humans, ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (EStrogen Receptor 1). [6] [7] [8]
Estrogen receptors were first identified by Elwood V. Jensen at the University of Chicago in 1958, [45] [46] for which Jensen was awarded the Lasker Award. [47] The gene for a second estrogen receptor (ERβ) was identified in 1996 by Kuiper et al. in rat prostate and ovary using degenerate ERalpha primers. [48]
The ERRs are orphan nuclear receptors, meaning the identity of their endogenous ligand has yet to be unambiguously determined. They are named because of sequence homology with estrogen receptors, but do not appear to bind estrogens or other tested steroid hormones. There are three human estrogen related receptors: ERRα ; ERRβ ; ERRγ
Estrogen insensitivity syndrome (EIS), or estrogen resistance, is a form of congenital estrogen deficiency or hypoestrogenism [2] which is caused by a defective estrogen receptor (ER) – specifically, the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) – that results in an inability of estrogen to mediate its biological effects in the body. [3]
2101 26379 Ensembl ENSG00000173153 ENSMUSG00000024955 UniProt P11474 O08580 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001282450 NM_001282451 NM_004451 NM_007953 RefSeq (protein) NP_001269379 NP_001269380 NP_004442 NP_031979 Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 64.31 – 64.32 Mb Chr 19: 6.89 – 6.9 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), also known as NR3B1 (nuclear ...
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