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Vitamin D is a group of structurally related, fat-soluble compounds responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, along with numerous other biological functions. [1] [2] In humans, the most important compounds within this group are vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol). [2] [3]
Transcription of the CYP24A1 gene is markedly inducible by 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 binding to the vitamin D receptor. [6] The gene has a strong, positive vitamin D response element in the promoter . Through regulation of CYP24A1 expression, a negative feedback control system is created to limit the effects of 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 .
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CYP2R1 is cytochrome P450 2R1, an enzyme which is the principal vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. [5] [6] In humans it is encoded by the CYP2R1 gene located on chromosome 11p15.2. [7]It is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum in liver, where it performs the first step in the activation of vitamin D by catalyzing the formation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. [8]
But, according to Manetti, vitamin D "is a fat-soluble vitamin naturally present in very few foods." So, when the sun isn't on your side, you have to know which foods and supplements to reach for ...
The end product of a pathway may be used immediately, initiate another metabolic pathway or be stored for later use. The metabolism of a cell consists of an elaborate network of interconnected pathways that enable the synthesis and breakdown of molecules (anabolism and catabolism).
A metabolic network is the complete set of metabolic and physical processes that determine the physiological and biochemical properties of a cell.As such, these networks comprise the chemical reactions of metabolism, the metabolic pathways, as well as the regulatory interactions that guide these reactions.