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Examples of aging-associated diseases are atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, cancer, arthritis, cataracts, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and Alzheimer's disease. The incidence of all of these diseases increases exponentially with age.
Recurring infections by latent herpes viruses can exhaust the immune system of elderly persons. [12] Consistent, repeated stimulation by such pathogens leads to preferential differentiation of the T-cell memory phenotype, and a 2020 review reported that CD8+ T-cell precursors, specific for the most rare and less frequently present antigens shed ...
Sarcopenia (ICD-10-CM code M62.84 [1]) is a type of muscle loss that occurs with aging and/or immobility. It is characterized by the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength. The rate of muscle loss is dependent on exercise level, co-morbidities, nutrition and other factors.
The first symptoms are often mistakenly attributed to aging or stress. [34] Detailed neuropsychological testing can reveal mild cognitive difficulties up to eight years before a person fulfills the clinical criteria for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. [35] These early symptoms can affect the most complex activities of daily living. [36]
Osteoporosis can affect nearly 1 in 3 women and the bone loss is the most rapid within the first 2–3 years after menopause. This can be prevented by menopause hormone therapy or MHT, which is meant to prevent bone loss and the degradation of the bone microarchitecture and is noted to reduce the risk of fractures in bones by 20-30%.
Compared to other tissues in the body, the brain is deemed unusually sensitive to oxidative damage. [24] Increased oxidative damage has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases, mild cognitive impairment and individual differences in cognition in healthy elderly people. In 'normal aging', the brain is undergoing oxidative stress in a ...
Symptoms: Cognitive impairment, short-term memory loss [3] Complications: Heart disease, loss of ability to care for self and interact, pneumonia [4] Causes: Conditions that impair blood vessels in the brain and therefore interfere with oxygen delivery to the brain [3] Risk factors: High blood pressure, high cholesterol, atrial fibrillation ...
Pressure ulcers can trigger other ailments, cause considerable suffering, and can be expensive to treat. Some complications include autonomic dysreflexia, bladder distension, bone infection, pyarthrosis, sepsis, amyloidosis, anemia, urethral fistula, gangrene and very rarely malignant transformation (Marjolin's ulcer – secondary carcinomas in chronic wounds).