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Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. [1] Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity).
A toxicant is any toxic substance, whether artificial or naturally occurring. [1] By contrast, a toxin is a poison produced naturally by an organism (e.g. plant, animal, insect, bacterium). [2] The different types of toxicants [3] can be found in the air, soil, water, or food. [4]
The term "environmental toxin" can sometimes explicitly include synthetic contaminants [26] such as industrial pollutants and other artificially made toxic substances. As this contradicts most formal definitions of the term "toxin", it is important to confirm what the researcher means when encountering the term outside of microbiological contexts.
Human antimicrobial peptides which are toxic to viruses, fungi, bacteria, and cancerous cells are considered a part of the immune system. [12] In nuclear physics, a poison is a substance that obstructs or inhibits a nuclear reaction. Environmentally hazardous substances are not necessarily poisons
Exposure can result in various adverse health effects, which differ depending on how long a person is exposed.A short amount of time can lead to eye and respiratory inflammation. But, chronic ...
This is the list of extremely hazardous substances defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. § 11002). The list can be found as an appendix to 40 CFR 355. [1] Updates as of 2006 can be seen on the Federal Register, 71 FR 47121 (August 16, 2006). [2]
Highly Toxic: a gas that has a LC 50 in air of 200 ppm or less. [2] NFPA 704: Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury are given a Health Hazard rating of 3. Their acute inhalation toxicity corresponds to those vapors or gases having LC 50 values greater than 1,000 ppm but less than or equal to 3,000 ppm ...
Nigeria's health regulator is recalling a batch of Johnson & Johnson children's cough syrup after finding an unacceptably high level of a potentially fatal toxic substance, it said on Wednesday.