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NS1 antigen test (nonstructural protein 1) is a test for dengue, introduced in 2006. It allows rapid detection on the first day of fever, before antibodies appear some 5 or more days later. [1] It has been adopted for use in some 40 nations. The method of detection is through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
The test was once part of the World Health Organization (WHO) algorithm for diagnosis of dengue fever, [3] however it is no longer used in the latest WHO guidance. [4] Studies have shown that the tourniquet test has low predictive value for dengue fever and should be used in conjunction with other tests for a reliable diagnosis. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Blood tests can be used to confirm a diagnosis of dengue. During the first few days of infection, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be used to detect the NS1 antigen; however this antigen is produced by all flaviviruses.
There are ELISA tests to detect various kind of diseases, such as dengue, malaria, Chagas disease, [30] Johne's disease, and others. [31] ELISA tests also are extensively employed for in vitro diagnostics in medical laboratories. The other uses of ELISA include: detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in blood samples [32]
In the past nucleic acid tests have mainly been used as a secondary test to confirm positive serological results. [3] However, as they become cheaper and more automated, they are increasingly becoming the primary tool for diagnostics and can also be use for monitoring of treatment of viral infected individuals t.
Two people in Southern California have come down with dengue fever without traveling outside the United States, where the mosquito-borne illness is rare, health officials said. A Pasadena resident ...
The Hess test or Rumpel-Leede test is a medical test used to assess capillary fragility. [1] It is also called the Tourniquet test . To perform the test, pressure is applied to the forearm with a blood pressure cuff inflated to between systolic and diastolic blood pressure for 10 minutes.
These laboratory tests are only of diagnostic value during the acute phase of the illness with the exception of serology. Tests for dengue virus-specific antibodies, types IgG and IgM, can be useful in confirming a diagnosis in the later stages of the infection. Both IgG and IgM are produced after 5–7 days.