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The atomic number increases within the same period while moving from left to right, which in turn increases the effective nuclear charge. The increase in attractive forces reduces the atomic radius of elements. When we move down the group, the atomic radius increases due to the addition of a new shell. [5] [6] [7]
The greater attraction draws the electrons closer to the protons, decreasing the size of the atom. Down each group, the atomic radius of each element typically increases because there are more occupied electron energy levels and therefore a greater distance between protons and electrons.
Under some definitions, the value of the radius may depend on the atom's state and context. [1] Atomic radii vary in a predictable and explicable manner across the periodic table. For instance, the radii generally decrease rightward along each period (row) of the table, from the alkali metals to the noble gases; and increase down each group ...
The effective atomic number Z eff, (sometimes referred to as the effective nuclear charge) of an electron in a multi-electron atom is the number of protons that this electron effectively 'sees' due to screening by inner-shell electrons. It is a measure of the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged electrons and positively ...
As a general trend, bond distances decrease across the row in the periodic table and increase down a group. This trend is identical to that of the atomic radius . Bond distance of carbon to other elements [ 1 ]
A decrease in atomic radii can be ... metals of group 5 and 6 to become unusually similar, as the expected increase in radius going down a period is ...
Elements in the same group tend to show similar chemical characteristics. Vertical, horizontal and diagonal trends characterize the periodic table. Metallic character increases going down a group and from right to left across a period. Nonmetallic character increases going from the bottom left of the periodic table to the top right.
Therefore, the only factor which affects the atomic radius of the alkali metals is the number of electron shells. Since this number increases down the group, the atomic radius must also increase down the group. [71] The ionic radii of the alkali metals are much smaller than their atomic radii.