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It is approved for the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in the United States and in the European Union. [2] [3] [5] Tildrakizumab was designed to block interleukin-23 (IL-23), a cytokine that plays a key role in managing the immune system and autoimmune disease. [6] [7]
[8] [9] It was developed as a recombinant protein (rhIL-11) as the drug substance oprelvekin. The human IL-11 gene, consisting of 5 exons and 4 introns, is located on chromosome 19, [6] and encodes a 23 kDa protein. IL-11 is a member of the IL-6-type cytokine family, distinguished based on their use of the common co-receptor gp130.
They act by inhibiting gene expression of cytokines including Interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha by binding to corticosteroid response elements on DNA. [1] This decrease in cytokine production reduces T cell proliferation. With decreased T cell proliferation there is decreased production of IL-2.
Oprelvekin is recombinant interleukin eleven (IL-11), [1] a thrombopoietic growth factor that directly stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells and induces megakaryocyte maturation resulting in increased platelet production.
Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) cells are a group of immune effector cells featuring a mixed T- and natural killer (NK) cell-like phenotype.They are generated by ex vivo incubation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or cord blood mononuclear cells with interferon-gamma (), anti-CD3 antibody, recombinant human interleukin (IL)-1 and recombinant human interleukin (IL)-2.
Rilonacept was given an orphan drug designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is used for the treatment of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), including familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle–Wells syndrome. [3] [6] Rilonacept is the first drug approved by the FDA to treat recurrent pericarditis. [3]
Canakinumab, sold under the brand name Ilaris, is a medication for the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, active Still's disease, including adult-onset Still's disease, gout flares. [4] [5] [6] It is a human monoclonal antibody targeted at interleukin-1 beta. It has no cross-reactivity with other members of the interleukin-1 ...
Dostarlimab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to PD-1 to block it from binding PD-1 ligands to remove inhibition of immune response. [5] With this, it causes risk for immune-mediated adverse reactions. [5] These reactions can be severe or fatal and occur in any part of the body: organs or tissues. [5]