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The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of political and societal change in France which began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the Coup of 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799.
The day 23 August 1793 would become a historic one in military history; on that date the National Convention called a levée en masse, or mass conscription, for the first time in human history. By summer of the following year, conscription made some 500,000 men available for service and the French began to deal blows to their European enemies. [32]
The Nine Years' War [c] was a European great power conflict from 1688 to 1697 between France and the Grand Alliance. [d] Although largely concentrated in Europe, fighting spread to colonial possessions in the Americas, India, and West Africa. Related conflicts include the Williamite war in Ireland, and King William's War in North America.
December 21: Bonaparte meets with the Irish leader Wolfe Tone to discuss a future French landing in Ireland. December 28: Anti-French riots in Rome, and murder of a French general, Mathurin-Léonard Duphot. December 29: Pope Pius VI apologizes to France for the Rome riots; apologies are rejected by the Directory.
The American Revolution (1765–1783) was an ideological and political movement in the Thirteen Colonies in what was then British America. The revolution culminated in the American Revolutionary War, which began with the Battles of Lexington and Concord, on April 19, 1775.
The French Revolution of 1848 led to the creation of the French Second Republic. The Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states. The Revolutions of 1848 in the German states. The Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire. The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 grew into a war for independence from Austrian Empire. The Slovak Uprising of 1848–49.
The French Revolutionary Wars re-escalated as 1793 began. New powers entered the First Coalition days after the execution of King Louis XVI on 21 January. Spain and Portugal were among these. Then, on 1 February France declared war on Great Britain and the Netherlands.
The French made allies of most of the Indian tribes and enabled them to attack villages in New England. Great Britain won and finally removed the French from continental North America in 1763. [6] [7] In 1763, France ceded almost all of New France to Britain and Spain, at the Treaty of Paris.