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As articaine hydrochloride 4% with epinephrine 1:200,000 Septocaine with epinephrine 1:200,000; Articadent with epinephrine 1:200,000; Orabloc (articaine hydrochloride 4% and epinephrine 1:200,000) An epinephrine-free (adrenaline-free) version is available in Europe under the brand name Ultracain D.
The epinephrine causes vasoconstriction which in turn reduces systemic distribution of the anesthetic as well as prolongs its action in addition to decreasing bleeding at the operating site. Lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 adrenaline is the local anesthetic of choice in the treatment of pregnant women. [28]
The US Food and Drug Administration on Tuesday did not approve a needle-free epinephrine for treatment of severe allergic reactions, a move that drugmaker ARS Pharmaceuticals called surprising.
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
The nasal-spray Neffy was rejected by the FDA. The epinephrine nasal spray would've been the first needle-free alternative to EpiPens, but the FDA said additional research was needed.
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Tainter further quantified the pressor activity of epinine in atropine-treated and anesthetized intact cats, showing that doses of 0.02-0.2 mg, given i.v., were about 1/12 as active as l-epinephrine, but that the effect lasted about twice as long (~ 3 minutes), and was accompanied by an increase in pulse rate. [15]