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  2. NAT traversal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAT_traversal

    Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a relay protocol designed specifically for NAT traversal. NAT hole punching is a general technique that exploits how NATs handle some protocols (for example, UDP, TCP, or ICMP) to allow previously blocked packets through the NAT.

  3. Traversal Using Relays around NAT - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traversal_Using_Relays...

    Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a protocol that allows a client to obtain IP addresses and ports from such a relay. Although TURN almost always provides connectivity to a client, it is resource intensive for the provider of the TURN server.

  4. Network address translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation

    The NAT traversal problem arises when peers behind different NATs try to communicate. One way to solve this problem is to use port forwarding. Another way is to use various NAT traversal techniques. The most popular technique for TCP NAT traversal is TCP hole punching. TCP hole punching requires the NAT to follow the port preservation design ...

  5. STUN - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STUN

    STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT; originally Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) through Network Address Translators) is a standardized set of methods, including a network protocol, for traversal of network address translator (NAT) gateways in applications of real-time voice, video, messaging, and other interactive communications.

  6. TCP hole punching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_hole_punching

    TCP hole punching is an experimentally used NAT traversal technique for establishing a TCP connection between two peers on the Internet behind NAT devices. NAT traversal is a general term for techniques that establish and maintain TCP/IP network and/or TCP connections traversing NAT gateways.

  7. Hole punching (networking) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hole_punching_(networking)

    Hole punching (or sometimes punch-through) is a technique in computer networking for establishing a direct connection between two parties in which one or both are behind firewalls or behind routers that use network address translation (NAT).

  8. NAT traversal with session border controllers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAT_traversal_with_session...

    NAT traversal with SBC during user registration. Similar to the registration case, the SBC will also include itself in the path of INVITE and other request messages. When receiving an INVITE from a user agent behind a NAT, the SBC will include a via header with its own address, replace the information in the contact header with its own address and also replace the address information in the ...

  9. Interactive Connectivity Establishment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Connectivity...

    Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) is a standardized protocol for such address discovery including NAT classification. Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) places a third-party server to relay messages between two clients when direct media traffic between peers is not allowed by a firewall.