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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 16 January 2025. 1807–1814 war against Napoleon in Iberia Not to be confused with the French invasion of Spain in 1823. Peninsular War Part of the Napoleonic Wars Peninsular war Clockwise from top left: The Third of May 1808 Battle of Somosierra Battle of Bayonne Disasters of War prints by Goya Date 2 ...
The Peninsular War was the trigger for conflicts in Spanish America in the absence of a legitimate monarch. The Peninsular War began an extended period of instability in the worldwide Spanish monarchy that lasted until 1823. Napoleon forced the Bourbon monarchs to abdicate, which precipitated a political crisis in Spain and Spanish America.
The Peninsular War was a military conflict for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars, waged between France and the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom and Portugal. It started when French and Spanish armies, then allied, occupied Portugal in 1807, and escalated in 1808 when France turned on Spain, its former ally.
The conflict had its roots in the worsening socio-economic and military position of Spain after the Peninsular War, the growing confidence of the United States as a world power, a lengthy independence movement in Cuba and a nascent one in the Philippines, and strengthening economic ties between Cuba and the United States.
The combined problems arising from the Peninsular War (1807–1814), the loss of most of its colonies in the Americas in the early 19th-century Spanish American wars of independence, and three Carlist Wars (1832–1876) marked a low point for Spanish colonialism. [25]
The Battle of Bayonne (14 April 1814), the last major battle of the Peninsular War, ensued when the French garrison of Bayonne led by General of Division Pierre Thouvenot launched a sortie against a besieging force of British, Portuguese, and Spanish troops commanded by Lieutenant General John Hope.
Later, Wellington admitted that splitting his forces to besiege both San Sebastián and Pamplona simultaneously had been "one of the greatest faults he ever committed in war". Colonel Walter O'Hara, who had fought in the battle, would name Roncesvalles Avenue in Toronto after the battle.
The siege of Cádiz was a siege of the large Spanish naval base of Cádiz [5] by a French army from 5 February 1810 to 24 August 1812 [6] during the Peninsular War.Following the occupation of Seville, Cádiz became the Spanish seat of power, [7] and was targeted by 70,000 French troops under the command of the Marshals Claude Victor and Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult for one of the most important ...