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4.2-kiloyear event dry, lasted most of the 22nd century BC, linked to the end of the Old Kingdom in Egypt, and the Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia, various archaeological cultures in Persia and China 1800–1500: Middle Bronze Age Cold Epoch, a period of unusually cold climate in the North Atlantic region Bond Event 2
Egypt is the eighth most water stressed country in the world. Egypt receives between 20 mm (0.79 in) and 200 mm (7.87 in) of annual average precipitation along the narrow Mediterranean coast , but south from Cairo, the average drops to nearly 0 millimetres (0.00 inches) in the central and the southern part of the country.
Historical climatology is the study of historical changes in climate and their effect on civilization from the emergence of homininis to the present day. It is concerned with the reconstruction of weather and climate and their effect on historical societies, including a culturally influenced history of science and perception. [1]
At the site of Sidi Ali in the Middle Atlas, δ 18 O values indicate not a dry spell but a centennial-scale period of cooler and more humid climate. [40] In c. 2150 BC, Egypt was hit by a series of exceptionally low Nile floods that may have influenced the collapse of the centralised government of the Old Kingdom after a famine. [41]
Climate change is causing Egypt’s already hot and arid climate to experience environmental stresses including extreme temperatures, droughts, floods, and sea level rise. [1] As a highly vulnerable nation to climate change, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] these extreme conditions will have significant impacts on the lives of Egyptians due to resulting food ...
For the history of humanity's influence on the environment, and humanity's perspective on this influence, see timeline of history of environmentalism. See List of periods and events in climate history for a timeline list focused on climate.
When the Assyrian capital, Nineveh, was overrun by the Medes, Scythians, Babylonians and their allies in 612 BC, the Assyrians moved their capital to Harran.When Harran was captured by the alliance in 609 BC, [7] ending the Assyrian Empire, remnants of the Assyrian army joined Carchemish, a city under Egyptian rule, on the Euphrates.
It was only in the 20th century that paleoclimatology became a unified scientific field. Before, different aspects of Earth's climate history were studied by a variety of disciplines. [5] At the end of the 20th century, the empirical research into Earth's ancient climates started to be combined with computer models of increasing complexity.