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Alternatively, the index can be expressed per 10,000 "points". For example, an index of .25 is the same as 2,500 points. The major benefit of the Herfindahl index in relation to measures such as the concentration ratio is that the HHI gives more weight to larger firms. Other advantages of the HHI include its simple calculation method and the ...
Perfect competition exists where an industry's concentration ratio is CR n = n/N, where N is the number of firms in the industry. That is, all firms have an equal market share. Low concentration – 40% A concentration ratio of close to 0% implies perfect competition at the least. This is only possible in an industry where there is a very large ...
The Simpson index was introduced in 1949 by Edward H. Simpson to measure the degree of concentration when individuals are classified into types. [10] The same index was rediscovered by Orris C. Herfindahl in 1950. [11] The square root of the index had already been introduced in 1945 by the economist Albert O. Hirschman. [12]
He then applied the simple mean difference of observed variables to income and wealth inequality in his work On the measurement of concentration and variability of characters in 1914. Here, he presented the concentration ratio, which further developed in the Gini coefficient used today. Secondly, Gini observed that his proposed ratio can be ...
Many refractometers have built in "Automatic Temperature Compensation" (ATC), which is based on knowledge of the way the refractive index of sucrose changes. For example, the refractive index of a sucrose solution of strength less than 10 °Bx is such that a 1 °C change in temperature would cause the Brix reading to shift by about 0.06 °Bx.
ABCC Index is another age heaping index that is used in a research and is based on the Whipple's Index. This method was developed by A’Hearn, Baten, and Crayen. [7] [8] Who examined a close relationship between age heaping and a number of human capital indicators from the U.S. census sample namely, the race, gender, high and low educational ...
Since the refractive index is a fundamental physical property of a substance, it is often used to identify a particular substance, confirm its purity, or measure its concentration. The refractive index is used to measure solids, liquids, and gases. Most commonly it is used to measure the concentration of a solute in an aqueous solution.
Likewise, it is used to calculate lipophilic efficiency in evaluating the quality of research compounds, where the efficiency for a compound is defined as its potency, via measured values of pIC 50 or pEC 50, minus its value of log P. [27] Drug permeability in brain capillaries (y axis) as a function of partition coefficient (x axis) [28]