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An accelerometer measures proper acceleration, which is the acceleration it experiences relative to freefall and is the acceleration felt by people and objects. [2] Put another way, at any point in spacetime the equivalence principle guarantees the existence of a local inertial frame, and an accelerometer measures the acceleration relative to that frame. [4]
An accelerometer was announced that used infrared light to measure the change in distance between two micromirrors in a Fabry–Perot cavity. The proof mass is a single silicon crystal with a mass of 10–20 mg, suspended from the first mirror using flexible 1.5 μm-thick silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4) beams. The suspension allows the proof mass to ...
Accelerometer; Auxanometer; Capacitive displacement sensor; Capacitive sensing; Displacement sensor (general article); Flex sensor; Free fall sensor; Gravimeter ...
Piezoelectric measuring devices are widely used today in the laboratory, on the production floor, and as original equipment for measuring and recording dynamic changes in mechanical variables including shock and vibration. Some accelerometers have built-in electronics to amplify the signal before transmitting it to the recording device.
In relativity theory, proper acceleration [1] is the physical acceleration (i.e., measurable acceleration as by an accelerometer) experienced by an object. It is thus acceleration relative to a free-fall, or inertial, observer who is momentarily at rest relative to the object being measured.
Gyroscopes measure the angular displacement of the sensor frame with respect to the inertial reference frame. By using the original orientation of the system in the inertial reference frame as the initial condition and integrating the angular displacement, the system's current orientation is known at all times. This can be thought of as the ...
Gyroscopes measure the angular rate of rotational movement about one or more axes. Gyroscopes can measure complex motion accurately in multiple dimensions, tracking the position and rotation of a moving object unlike accelerometers which can only detect the fact that an object has moved or is moving in a particular direction.
The most common measurements are with Class 1 instruments, capable of directly measuring the road profile, and Class 3 instruments, which use correlation equations. Using World Bank terminology, these correspond to Information Quality Level (IQL) 1 and IQL-3 devices, representing the relative accuracy of the measurements. [ 15 ]