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Follicular hyperplasia is common in children and young adults, but is not limited to any age; it is also common among the elderly and is non-sex specific. [1] Children often experience reactive lymph nodes when they are younger due to new exposure of environmental pathogens, even without development of an infection.
Lymphoid hyperplasia is the rapid proliferation of normal lymphocytic cells that resemble lymph tissue which may occur with bacterial or viral infections. [1] The growth is termed hyperplasia which may result in enlargement of various tissue including an organ, or cause a cutaneous lesion .
EBV-positive reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (or EBV-positive reactive lymphoid proliferation) is a benign form of lymphadenopathy, i.e. swollen, often painful lymph nodes. The disorder is based on histologic findings that occur in the lymphoid tissue of mainly older individuals who were infected with EBV many years earlier.
Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a subtype of Castleman disease (also known as giant lymph node hyperplasia, lymphoid hamartoma, or angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia), a group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by lymph node enlargement, characteristic features on microscopic analysis of enlarged lymph node tissue, and a range of symptoms and clinical findings.
However, inguinal lymph nodes of up to 15 mm and cervical lymph nodes of up to 20 mm are generally normal in children up to age 8–12. [ 38 ] Lymphadenopathy of more than 1.5–2 cm increases the risk of cancer or granulomatous disease as the cause rather than only inflammation or infection .
Giant lymph node hyperplasia, lymphoid hamartoma, angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia: Micrograph of Castleman disease showing hyaline vascular features including atrophic germinal center, expanded mantle zone, and a radially penetrating sclerotic blood vessel ("lollipop" sign). H&E stain. Specialty: Immunology, angiology Symptoms
Lymph nodes may become enlarged in malignant disease. This cervical lymphadenopathy may be reactive or metastatic. [1] Alternatively, enlarged lymph nodes may represent a primary malignancy of the lymphatic system itself, such as lymphoma (both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's), [6] lymphocytic leukemia, [1] Lymphadenopathy that lasts less than two weeks or more than one year with no progressive ...
The diagnosis of ISMCL requires that sensitive immunochemistry methods find that the marginal zone of germinal centers of involved lymph follicles contain lymphocytes that strongly express cyclin D1 due to a t(11:14)q13:q32) translocation. These germinal centers typically exhibit reactive hyperplasia. [2]
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