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Iron is the outlier at 1538 °C (2800 °F), [21] making it far more difficult to melt in antiquity. Cultures developed ironworking proficiency at different rates; however, evidence from the Near East suggests that smelting was possible but impractical circa 1500 BC, and relatively commonplace across most of Eurasia by 500 BC. [ 22 ]
Iron, steel, and ferrous metals constitute a large portion of collections in museums. The conservation and restoration of iron and steel objects is an activity dedicated to the preservation and protection of objects of historical and personal value made from iron or steel. When applied to cultural heritage this activity is generally undertaken ...
Iron meteorites consist overwhelmingly of nickel-iron alloys. The metal taken from these meteorites is known as meteoric iron and was one of the earliest sources of usable iron available to humans. Iron was extracted from iron–nickel alloys, which comprise about 6% of all meteorites that fall on the Earth.
Derveni krater, bronze, 350 BC, height: 90.5 cm (35 1 ⁄ 2 in.), Inv. B1, Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki, after cleaning and conservation. Conservation and restoration of metals is the activity devoted to the protection and preservation of historical (religious, artistic, technical and ethnographic) and archaeological objects made partly or entirely of metal.
Griswold "slant logo" cast-iron skillet, manufactured approximately 1915 Griswold "small logo" cast-iron skillet, manufactured between 1940 and 1957. Griswold cast-iron pots and pans, skillets, dutch ovens, and other kitchen items had a reputation for high quality, and they are well known to antique collectors and sellers. The easily recognized ...
Fiske's great rival in the decorative cast iron field was Jordan L. Mott's J. L. Mott Iron Works of New York City. [6] Since the later twentieth-century, unmarked pieces of decorative cast-iron of appropriate date are commonly attributed to J. W. Fiske, to improve their market value. [6]
In China, blast furnaces produced cast iron, which was then either converted into finished implements in a cupola furnace, or turned into wrought iron in a fining hearth. [34] If iron ores are heated with carbon to 1420–1470 K, a molten liquid is formed, an alloy of about 96.5% iron and 3.5% carbon.
10"x13" ironstone serving platter made by T. & R. BOOTE, Burslem, c1870. Ironstone was patented by the British potter Mason in 1813. [13] His father, Miles Mason (1752–1822) married the daughter of Richard Farrar, who had a business selling imported Oriental porcelain in London.